Over $40 trillion of investment in infrastructure is expected to be required in emerging markets from now until 2035, equivalent to over $2.3 trillion per annum of spend. Emerging market demand for gas and LNG is expected to significantly increase over the next 20 years, surpassing developed markets.

The innovative designs of Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect System include double SPV structure, direct cross-border settlement, and opening data channels between markets at home and abroad. As for the enlightenment, it is important to improve investor protection and prudential supervision.

The aging population will curb the aggregate demand and affect long-term economic growth, which may keep the interest rates at low level for the decades to come.

The fragmentation of international investment rules has intensified. The world has yet to see a unified investment rules system, and the number of bilateral investment agreements has dropped significantly in the past two years. With high uncertainties facing the investment environment, global FDI fell from $1.47 trillion in 2017 to $1.3 trillion in 2018, hitting a new low after the financial crisis.

One answer to the macro economic challenges we face—is to seize the green opportunity which is created by the need to invest in low and zero carbon technologies to avoid harmful climate change. 

The RMB will become a mainstream currency, and this process will be much faster than many people think. The transition from a dollar-dominated system to a multi-currency system will soon become reality. Considering the U.S. has been failing in preventing the outbreak of financial crisis and cutting a bigger slice in the global GDP, China has a great chance for RMB internationalization, for many projects in the Belt and Road Initiative would be financed in RMB.